Many people often assume that the most expensive hearing aid will automatically provide them with the best results. However, in reality the performance of the hearing aids depend not only on the technology itself, but also on how well it is programmed, the acoustic coupling selection, and how it is all adjusted to the individual wearing it. This article will cover the importance of the fitting process.

The Same Hearing Aid Can Perform Very Differently

This is something that I saw often not only in my hearing aid manufacturer-side role in which I would provide fitting support, but in my clinical experience overall. Someone might complain that they bought the 'best hearing aids' and they don't sound good, meanwhile there is another patient saying how much these exact same hearing aids have changed their life for the better.

The hearing aid technology does play a large role in the outcomes - don't get me wrong. The technology available in the hearing aids set some limits on how much they could help you in a variety of listening environments, the degree of which the signal-to-noise ratio can be improved (the level of speech relative to noise), how well they might work to automatically analyse and classify environments - among a number of other features and parameters depending on the devices.

However, what ultimately matters is how the hearing aids are professionally fitted. Every hearing loss is unique. Every individual's lifestyle and listening needs are unique. Initial manufacturer 'first fit' settings are only meant to be a starting point. Hearing aids are medical-grade devices which require professional prescription and fitting.

What Does Programming Actually Do?

Adjust Amplification for Different Pitches

Hearing aids will try and predict how much amplification is needed for each pitch in each ear, but every ear is completely unique, so this is not going to be an accurate prediction for the vast majority of people.

The gold standard process for programming hearing aids is to use a process called Real Ear Measurements. This is a process that applies a fitting prescription (i.e. prescribed gain or volume that the hearing aid should be providing at each frequency or pitch, based on your specific hearing loss in each individual ear).

This of course, first requires a full diagnostic hearing assessment to get all of your hearing thresholds at the different pitches in each ear.

We then apply the prescription target which tells us how much gain the hearing aids need to produce at each pitch and can adjust this in real-time with the hearing aids in your ears. We can read the response on a live graph and make adjustments accordingly in the hearing aid software, with measurements being read by the same small microphone tube placed in your ear for the duration of the test.

Now, as I mentioned this is widely regarded as the gold standard - and it is. However, this should just be the start.

Adjusting the gain at each frequency to match prescription is absolutely necessary, but its also such a simplified view of what hearing aids can do - especially when you're talking about having access to the best technology we've every had.

Programming Is More Than Just Volume

There are many other factors that need to be considered by your audiologist in a personalised hearing aid fitting.

• Acoustic Coupling: Do you need a custom ear mould made? If so, what type, shape, and retention options? Which vent size, type, and shape do you need? Or is a dome recommended? If so, which size and type - do you need extra retention support? The acoustic coupling should be based on your hearing loss, your ear anatomy, dexterity and visual needs, outer and middle ear health, and also consider things like any material allergies. The acoustic coupling should also fit snug in your ear canal (not too loose, not too big) to sit comfortably and securely whilst minimising any risk of feedback (i.e. whistling hearing aids!)

• Basic Features/Tools: There are a number of 'basic' core hearing aid technologies that must be optimised to truly allow the sound to be clear and comfortable. For example, consider the hearing aid compression (makes soft sounds louder and louder sounds more comfortable). Whilst this technically will be adjusted if the Real Ear Measurements are performed at multiple volumes/inputs, I found in my experience that it often needs to be optimised and personalised further. It has a significant impact on speech clarity and the naturalness of sounds around you. There are a number of other 'core' hearing aid technologies that should be personalised to suit your specific ears and needs - such as feedback cancellation and frequency lowering, just to name a couple.

• Advanced Features: These days, you will probably struggle to find a hearing aid that doesn't use some form of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The way this presents itself and what it is used for will vary from hearing aid brand-to-brand, as they will all have their own goals and philosophies. Generally speaking though, these features can also be programmed to best suit your needs. This might be the strength/effectiveness of the feature, the way it behaves in the hearing aids, and much more. Other advanced features which have been around for some time now, include microphone beamforming and directional microphones, sound cleaning features (i.e. noise reduction), automatic adaptation, Bluetooth connectivity, and accelerometers used as motion sensors - plus much more. A number of blogs could be written on just these alone, but the take home message is that your audiologist should understand and know how and when to adjust these features to personalise your hearing aids for your unique needs.

• Instruction and Counselling: All of the above is absolutely useless if you're not taught how to maintain and use your hearing aids! Your audiologist should allow and spend the time to go through what you need to know and make this a shared experience - this is really key to succeeding with your hearing aids and aural rehabilitation. If you don't feel confident or comfortable using your hearing aids, you won't wear them - and they are of no use to anyone in the drawer. Part of counselling also includes openly discussing expectations. Outcomes can and do vary depending on a number of factors, and its important that this is discussed openly and honestly. Follow-up appointments are also crucial, especially for a brand new fitting. This is why we call it rehabilitation. Ensure you check what your aftercare service is like. This isn't just "x number of months", don't feel shy to ask for clarity. It's also great if you do get along with your audiologist, you might see them a few times - especially in the early months!

Why Do Some People Think Hearing Aids Don't Work?

Some people might think hearing aids don't work for a number of reasons. They may have never had their hearing aids properly adjusted. In my experience, when a new patient has moved to my clinic or someone has sought my assistance for a hearing aid fitting, in the vast majority of cases there is always something or a number of things that can be improved. At Solo Audiology and Hearing, we have our 'Save My Hearing Aid!' appointment exactly for this reason.

Sometimes, it may have nothing to do with the actual fitting of the hearing aid - perhaps its already perfect. But the hearing aid wearer might not have had their discussion about expectations or counselling. They might be expecting the hearing aids to do something they can't do. Or, their speech understanding and processing ability might be impacted making the hearing aids helpful - but limited compared to what others might 'hype' them up for. This is something we can already get an idea about at the diagnostic hearing assessment, where speech in quiet and speech in noise is assessed, and it is discussed accordingly.

Perhaps they've done all this, but they didn't receive training/education or had insufficient follow-up appointments and don't know how to clean or maintain the hearing aids properly - so they keep sounding 'dull'.

For the most part, hearing loss changes gradually over time. This is why regular reviews are required (annually is generally recommended). So if some people you've met don't like their hearing aids, it might even be that they've not been back for adjustments and reprogramming in years!

Programming Is An Ongoing Process

That last point naturally brings us into this section - programming is an ongoing process. There is a significant importance of hearing aid fitting follow-up appointments and further fine-tuning after real-world use. The hearing aids might sound wonderful in the clinic! But what about when it gets to the weekend and you go somewhere different? Or perhaps a monthly commitment or social group finally comes up and you're finding things aren't sounding quite as good as they have been?

A beautiful side effect of hearing rehabilitation is that you may start feeling more socially confident to re-engage or try new things, so naturally we do expect that there might be some adjustments for these new challenges, and this is all part of the process. This is the perfect time to come back for hearing aid optimisation, new communication strategies, or counselling.

Take Home Message

Modern hearing aids are remarkable pieces of technology, but technology alone does not guarantee success. The fitting, programming, and ongoing optimisations are often what makes the difference between a hearing aid that sits in the drawer and one that genuinely improves communication and quality of life.

Written by Daniel Gerace, Clinical Audiologist and Owner of Solo Audiology and Hearing.

Ear wax (also known as cerumen) build-up is one of the most common reasons people seek hearing care to begin with. Ear wax serves an important role in our ear health and hygiene - in fact, ear wax is part of how your ear naturally self-cleans. The skin of the ear canal kind of behaves like a very slow conveyor belt, where it grows outward at a rate of 1-3mm per month. This 'conveyor belt' is also aided by natural jaw movements, such as chewing or talking. As the skin moves outward, it also naturally secretes ear wax which helps lubricate the skin, trap dirt and other foreign objects, and helps to repel insects and prevent infection. It then slowly carries out the dead skin and trapped dirt/debris, and will eventually fall out of your ear.

Now, what happens when this process is interrupted? Perhaps you've used a cotton tip inside your ear canal (a big risk of ear injury!). Or maybe you use earphones frequently, or it's something that you've been responsibly encouraged to do - such as wearing something inside your ears like hearing protection or hearing aids for most of the day. These can interfere with the ear's natural wax migration process and increase the risk of wax becoming trapped within the ear canal. Sometimes it may not necessarily be due to something in your control, as even having naturally narrow ear canals or having various skin conditions can also lead to greater ear wax build-up. Complete ear wax impaction can cause a conductive hearing loss of anything up to 45dB, which is similar to wearing hearing protection! This is where professional ear wax removal (or "ear cleaning") services come into the picture.

There are several methods available to remove ear wax. The two most common methods are microsuction and ear syringing. Both of these can be effective, however, they each work very differently. This article will aim to explain the differences and help you understand which may be most suitable for you.

Signs You May Have Ear Wax Build-Up

Some signs of ear wax build-up could be:

• Blocked feeling

• Reduced hearing

• Tinnitus

• Itching

• Hearing aid feedback, also referred to as 'whistling' (if you wear a hearing aid)

• Ear fullness

If you experience any of these symptoms, you may benefit from a hearing assessment and examine for ear wax.

What Is Ear Syringing?

Ear syringing (also sometimes called irrigation) has been used for many years. Essentially, warm water is syringed into the ear to flush wax from the ear canal, which can be an effective option, particularly for softer wax.

What Is Microsuction?

Ear wax is removed using a small medical suction device. There is no water required making it a dry removal option. The clinician can perform this under direct visualisation, allowing targeted removal of the wax.

Key Differences

1. Visibility: With microsuction, the clinician can see the wax during removal - it's targeted. They will typically use a microscope or magnified scope during the process. With syringing, water is used to flush wax out without directly removing it under continuous supervision.

2. Water Use: Microsuction is a dry procedure, whereas syringing requires water. It isn't uncommon for people to mention that they don't like water in their ears, for this reason they might feel a bit uncomfortable.

3. Comfort: Comfort varies between individuals - so naturally some people prefer microsuction but others might tolerate irrigation well.

4. Suitability: Microsuction may be preferred when there is an ear drum perforation, previous ear surgery, hearing aids are worn, there is irritation or infection present, irrigation has failed previously, or the patient is prone to ear fungal infections.

Common Misconceptions

1. Is microsuction painful?

   Usually, microsuction is well tolerated. Although it may feel a bit unusual having wax gently suctioned out of the ear canal, it typically doesn't cause discomfort. The exception may be very hard wax that is touching or 'stuck' to sensitive skin might occasionally cause some discomfort - however, this isn't isolated to microsuction techniques. In these instances, you may be advised to use a wax softener spray for a few days to help 'unstick' it painlessly first, and then return to finalise the microsuction process.

2. Is syringing dangerous?

   Ear syringing is generally safe when performed appropriately. Like all procedures, it has risks and limitations.

3. Is microsuction always better?

   Not necessarily. The best method depends on the patient's individual circumstances. Other considerations can be cost/accessibility, for example a GP practice may offer bulk billing or some degree of Medicare assistance with ear syringing that can be performed at the practice, whereas an audiologist offering microsuction will not have access to Medicare funding for wax removal performed by them.

How We Decide Which Method To Use

At Solo Audiology and Hearing, we use the ear wax microsuction technique and complement this with manual removal (curette) where appropriate and required. We first obtain a detailed medical and ear health history of the patient, then following this we will closely examine the ear, ear canal, and ear drum using a high-definition video otoscope (meaning you can see it too). As it's on the monitor, we educate you on what we are looking at so you are fully informed. The recommended process is then discussed in depth, and the wax removal is performed in the clinic with a head-worn microscope and microsuction.

Take Home Message

Both microsuction and syringing can be effective, it really depends on the individual patient's circumstances. At Solo Audiology and Hearing, we use microsuction with curette techniques where required. The goal is always safe and effective removal of ear wax whilst protecting the health of the ear.

Written by Daniel Gerace, Clinical Audiologist and Owner of Solo Audiology and Hearing.

One of the most common concerns hearing aid wearers have is, "Why is my hearing aid whistling?" The good news is that hearing aid feedback is often fixable and does not necessarily mean your hearing aid is faulty or broken. This article will explain the most of common causes of hearing aid feedback and how it can be addressed.

What Is Hearing Aid Feedback?

Very simply put, hearing aids consist of a amplifier, receiver (speaker), and microphones. The hearing aid microphones pick up sound around you which then gets amplified in the hearing aid, with the amplified sound then played out of speaker which either sits in your ear or is pushing sound into your ear. Some of that sound escapes back out of the ear where it is picked up by the microphones and reamplified, causing a loop. The result of this? A whistle or a squeal. Think about when you've been somewhere with a presenter speaking through a microphone. Sometimes if the microphone is too loud/sensitive and they stand near a speaker - we see a similar effect. This loop is called feedback.

Common Cause #1: Ear Wax

Ear wax can partially block the ear canal which can cause the sound coming out of the hearing aid speaker to reflect differently. This means that feedback becomes more likely. Think of the ear wax as kind of like a mirror, 'reflecting' the sound back out of the ear. So sometimes, resolving the whistling is just a matter of a simple wax removal appointment.

Common Cause #2: Poor Fitting Hearing Aid

There are several reasons why a poor fitting hearing aid would lead to hearing aid feedback. The hearing aid dome might be too small, or perhaps its not inserted correctly. If you have a custom mould, it's possible that it has become looser over time, or maybe you have lost a lot of weight and it's no longer fitting as well as it used to (yes, this happens!). A poor fitting hearing aid can mean that the hearing aid's acoustic coupling (dome or ear mould) is allowing more space around it which can let more sound escape, rather than having a good 'sealed' fitting in the ear canal. This is also why even well-fitted hearing aids need ongoing review.

Common Cause #3: Hearing Aid Settings

Sometimes the hearing aid itself is completely fine, but the settings and programming need adjusting. I mentioned earlier that "very simply put, hearing aids consist of a amplifier, receiver (speaker), and microphones", but in between all of this is a hearing aid computer chip which has immense capabilities and opportunities for advanced programming adjustments. We look at a number of things here, including the real-ear feedback management system, gain levels, further advanced programming adjustments, and of course acoustic coupling considerations to best account for what you physically have sitting in your ear.

Common Cause #4: Changes In Your Hearing

Now, your hearing changing does not have a direct effect on hearing aid feedback occurring. However, what I mean by this is that your hearing aids were set up to suit your hearing and needs when you last got them fitted/optimised. If it has been some time since then, and your hearing has deteriorated further - you might find yourself increasing the overall volume of the hearing aids much higher than what they were originally set up for. Changes to hearing can mean we need to explore new acoustic coupling options (e.g. different dome, transition from dome to ear mould, or new ear mould), new hearing aid prescription and gain adjustments, new feedback calibration - the list goes on. This is just another reason why hearing and hearing aid reviews are so important.

Common Cause #5: Physical Damage Or Wear

Physical damage can be things like the tubing of a behind-the-ear style hearing aid is cracked or hardened, or damage to hearing aid ear moulds. Once again, if we think about why feedback occurs - a lot of this starts to make more sense. For example, a cracked tube or ear mould can make the amplified sound escape from the hearing aid sooner than it is supposed to, and subsequently re-enter the microphone.

Can Modern Hearing Aids Prevent Whistling?

Yes, modern hearing aids are well equipped with many features that can help eliminate whistling. Modern feedback cancellation systems and technology in general have undergone significant improvements compared to older devices. However, as you can see from the above, no technology can completely overcome every acoustic problem. When you think about potential causes such as wax in the ears, poor fitting hearing aids, physical damage, or even changes to your hearing - an audiologist will be in the best position to help you identify and overcome the issue.

When Should You Seek Help?

If you've noticed the whistling is occurring constantly or frequently, its a recent change, your hearing seems to be getting worse, or the hearing aid itself has become uncomfortable to wear - these are all excellent reasons to see an audiologist. Audiology isn't a one-time sort of thing - the best outcomes are achieved with ongoing support and regular review. If you're having any trouble with your hearing or hearing aids - I would recommend seeking help.

Save My Hearing Aid

In many cases, people assume they need new hearing aids when the issue might actually be resolved through wax removal, maintenance, adjustments, reprogramming, or changes to the acoustic coupling. This is part of the reason as to why we at Solo Audiology and Hearing have our 'Save My Hearing Aid' appointment option. For a reliable, experienced, and trustworthy second opinion and optimisation.

Take Home Message

Hearing aid whistling is often a sign that something needs attention, but it doesn't necessarily mean your hearing aid is faulty. Ear wax, fit, programming, changes in hearing, and device maintenance can all contribute. A professional assessment can usually identify the cause and determine the most appropriate solution for you and your needs.

Written by Daniel Gerace, Clinical Audiologist and Owner of Solo Audiology and Hearing.